Introduction of James webb space telescope
James webb space telescope is world’s biggest and most powerful space telescope till date . It has been launched by American space agency ,NASA on 25th December 2021 .It is a sort of machine with which we can have time travel . Unlike time machine concept in many Hollywood imaginary movies , this space telescope provides a glimpse of universe in the past . The time around 13.1 billion years ago . NASA released first set of pictures taken by James webb space telescope on 12th july 2022 .
Brief features of James webb space telescope
Three of world’s most powerful space agencies came together for this ambitious mission . America’s NASA ,Canada’s CSA and European Space Agency manufactured James webb space telescope . Space telescope science Institute played a pivotal role as well . It was then released in space on 25th December 2021 .
James webb space telescope costs around 10 billion dollars and spent around 25 years in its design and development . James web space telescope can work at minus 266.75 degree Celsius ,from where it is being operated now . It revolves around sun unlike Hubble space telescope which travels around earth .It has a Sun shield which protects it from warmest sunlight. James webb space telescope focal length is 131.4 meters .And it contains main mirror weigh around 705 kg .
Few Important Planetary Definitions and Tool
Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitational bound system of stars ,gas ,dust , dark matters and stellar remnants . Light year is the parameter which we use to measure distance between celestial bodies in the universe . Light travels faster in universe . Let us elaborate it in a more simple way .
Light Year
A light year is measured as a distance which light travels in one year . Light covers a distance of around 300,000 km in one second . To understand it further , in 1 year light travels around 9,500,000,000,000 kilometer . Therefore to make it simpler this is distance equivalent to 1 light year .
Telescope
Telescope is also known as Time machines . Whatever images which we are seeing now is because of light coming from that particular star . For example if we say a star is around 1000 light years away from us , it means light from that specific planet has reached to us after covering 1000 years of distance . Hence the incidents which we see through telescopes are actually 1000 years old .
Nebula
Nebula is known as clouds formed by dust and many gases in outer space world .Nebula is very massive and wonderful set of clouds .Nebula is often visible once a star is born or near to death in the galaxy . There are many hidden mysteries of evolution and death of stars lie with in Nebula . James webb space telescope captured such beautiful and wonderful images of Nebula .
Hubble Telescope
Previous best scientific telescope also known as Hubble telescope also captured images of Nebula . Although it was quite difficult to see beyond Nebula in Hubble telescope . Hubble was made to capture visible range of lights , Hence it was unable to capture photos beyond dense clouds formation in Nebula . James web space telescope captures infra red range of lights , hence it could easily capture images beyond dense cloud formation of Nebula .
Five most important pictures captured by James webb space telescope
Cosmic cliffs of Carina Nebula – Carina Nebula is situated around 8500 light year from earth .It is a part of our milky way galaxy .James webb telescope has captured an image of a region in Carina Nebula,also known as Stellar Nursery . Astronomers have found many spectacular things in this descriptive image,like bubbles , cavity , jets and many unseen things .
Southern Ring Nebula – This Nebula is an image related to death of star . A Nebula which is located around 2000 light years from earth is known as Eight burst Nebula .This is also known as Southern Ring Nebula .There is a stage during death of a star where it ejects Nebula , Which looks like colorful clouds of dusts and many gases .
SMACS 0723 – James Webb space telescope has gotten sharpest and more intense infrared image of the far universe to date . This image of Galaxy cluster named SMACS 0723 is having many details of the distant universe . About thousands of galaxies have been ever observed in this infrared image for the first time . The segment of broad universe covering a patch of sky can be seen in an approximate size of a grain .This image presents galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 to be appeared about 4.6 billion years agao .
Data from Exoplanet WASP-96b – James webb space telescope discovered a planet which is 1120 Light years from us , called as WASP 96b .This planet is rotating around its star , similar to earth rotates around sun . Although it completes it whole rotation in just 3 days as compared to earth which complete its cycle in 365 days . James webb space telescope found nothing significant beyond this in this exoplanet ,but this is just the beginning towards spectral data in spectrography measurements . This advanced spectral graph measured by James webb space telescope shows a hint of water in this expoplanet WASP-96b .
Stephan’s Quintet – This image has been defined has cluster of five galaxies .The picture of a Galaxy which can be seen clearly is almost 40 million light years from us ,where as Remaining galaxies are about 290 million light years far from us .One which is nearest among all ,looks more clear and HD if we are zooming into this photo .Where as remaining four galaxies look quite blur.These galaxies are so nearer to each other ,that the dust and stars are seeing interacting among themselves . We can visualize gravitational forces effect on one another .
Potentially habitable Exoplanets are the planets where chances of habitable or life supporting environment are being predicted by scientists over the years . We are able to analyze around 5000 exoplanets in total till date .Several of those exoplanets are potentially habitable . Researchers found an exoplanet which is having highest chances of being a habitable planet in year 2018 .It resembles most with Earth .This Planet was termed as Trappist – 1E . It was termed as most worthy candidate for Potentially habitable planet . This Exoplanet is about 40 Light years away from us which is equivalent to 380 trillions kilometers .